Wednesday, April 16, 2014

Natural Law and Sexual Ethics (A Rejoinder to Aaron)



So first off, when I say that God is neither male nor female I should clarify that He is not less than male and female but more.  As humans are divided into both male and female sexes and are made in the image of God we must assume that God contains within Himself both male and female genders.  (If I remember right, St. Thomas believed there were seven genders, but only two for physical beings.  God embodies all but only expressed two of them in His physical creation.)  

So souls, made in the image of God, are either male or female.  Building off of Aristotle I believe that the body gives expression to the form found within the soul (that is, as there is purpose in creation I believe the bodily sex given to us by God reflects the gendered soul He has placed within us).  Given this, sex is not just a bodily act, but a connection of some sort between souls.  So we cannot look to physical matters alone (i.e. the fact that God does not have a body) to determine the morality of a sexual act, we need to look beyond it.  
 
So what does sex signify?  It is the union not just of two bodies, but of two souls and out of this union (this love of souls) comes life.  Obviously not every act of sex produces life, but life is produced by sex.  What is more, in the act of sex we in some way imitate our relationship to and connection with God.  This is why so many Pagans personified and worshiped sex (e.g. Venus, Asherah, etc.).  It is also why God has revealed Himself to us as Father and Husband (as opposed to Mother and Wife) even though He transcends our binary gender divisions.  Like a husband, God comes to us from the outside, He is the Ultimate Other.  It is He that from beyond space and time unites Himself to us, becomes one with us, and implants His life within us.   

How does this apply to sexual morals?  Bodily homosexuals cannot produce life, but that isn’t my main concern (though many fixate on this even though many straight couples are infertile).  My concern is that homosexuality, metaphysically, cannot imitate the Good that God intended it to imitate.  

Likewise sex, in imitation of God’s love for us, is supposed to be lasting.  Fornicators do not intend their commitment to last (at the very least they do not take the idea of commitment seriously enough to make a public declaration of it).  What is more, as sex produces children and children require a family for their own good (and society requires families—they are the building blocks of stability), sex outside of marriage is an inherently selfish act.  You are putting your good above that of your children and fellow citizens.    

God instituted sex not just for pleasure or to connect us to others (which is what homosexuals are limited to), and not just to produce life (which fornicators can do).  He also created sex in such a way as to imitate a metaphysical truth.  Sex is the bodily form or imitation, the reenactment on a lower level, of a spiritual truth.  When we engage in sex apart from this, we violate the rules of Reality.  

Another, though I think weaker way of looking at it goes something like this.  When man fell, we lost not only our ability to do good, but to know the good.  Therefore ethics, though they can be partially understood via reason, cannot be perfectly known via reason (Luther: Reason is the devil’s whore).  Because of our weakness we require revelation (I’ve been reading a lot of Barth lately…).  This revelation is most clearly found  in the Bible, but all cultures share it to some degree (e.g. see Lewis’s argument in The Abolition of Man).  Morality is not a conclusion, it is a premise that we can accept or reject (see Alasdair MacIntyre on this).  Few, like Nietzsche, reject all of it, most want to accept part, but not all (or they want to accept all of it, but limit it to their family, like the mafia, their race, like the Nazis, their class, their nation, etc.).  But if part is bad, and our reason fallen, how do we determine what part is valid and what is invalid?  We cannot and in picking and choosing we undermine the whole system.  As human nature does not evolve or progress (we are still violent, envious, greedy, lustful, etc. all that has changed is the object of our sins or our sophistication of doing them or we have progressed in one area while declining in another—e.g. we are less cruel but more cowardly) there can be no such thing as moral progress in the sense of a new or innovative morality.  We have but one moral system and we must accept wholesale or reject it all.  In accepting all we accept the fact that marriage is limited to one man and one woman for life in marriage (as that is the teaching made clear in the Bible).       

So I think we can tie Christian sexual ethics into a notion of Natural Law.    

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